Percentage Calculator

Percentages are one of the most useful pieces of everyday maths, and they crop up everywhere in UK life: VAT at 20%, income tax bands, mortgage rates, savings interest, sale discounts, tip amounts, exam results and election polls. The Percentage Calculator handles every common type of calculation in one place, including X% of Y, X is what percent of Y, percentage increase and decrease, reverse percentages, percentage difference between two numbers, and tax/VAT add-on or removal. Use it to work out how much VAT is in a £120 invoice (£20, because gross ÷ 6 = VAT), how much a £200 jumper costs after a 30% sale (£140), how much a salary has increased over five years (from £30,000 to £36,000 is a 20% rise), or how to remove 20% VAT from a price (divide by 1.20). It also handles compound percentages: an extra 20% off a price already reduced by 50% is 0.50 × 0.80 = 0.40, so 60% off the original, not 70%. For UK tax specifically, the calculator pairs neatly with our income tax tools. The 2025/26 bands are 0% up to £12,570 (personal allowance, tapered above £100,000), 20% basic rate on £12,571-£50,270, 40% higher rate on £50,271-£125,140 and 45% additional rate above £125,140. National Insurance adds 8% above £12,570 for employees in 2025/26 (down from 12% in 2023). Each band only applies to income falling within it, so a £60,000 earner does not pay 40% on all their income — only on the £9,730 above the higher-rate threshold. A key UK distinction the calculator handles is the difference between percentage points and percent. If the Bank Rate rises from 4% to 5%, that is a 1 percentage point increase but a 25% relative increase. Financial news, opinion polls and the Office for National Statistics use both phrasings, so understanding the difference helps you read economic and political coverage more accurately. Reverse percentage questions (working back from a final price to the original) are especially useful when sale tags only show the discounted price.